Laboratorio di chimica in casa/Costanti di dissociazione: differenze tra le versioni
Contenuto cancellato Contenuto aggiunto
Riga 30:
Solfocianico → Tiocianico
===Acidi deboli inorganici===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Acido !! Formula !! Immagine !! Ka<sub>1</sub> !! Ka<sub>2</sub> !! Ka<sub>3</sub> !! pKa<sub>1</sub> !! pKa<sub>2</sub> !! pKa<sub>3</sub>
|-
| [[w:Acido alluminico|Alluminico]] || HAl(OH)<sub>4</sub> ||style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Aluminium hydroxide acidity.png|120px]] || 6,3·10<sup>-12</sup> || || || 11,2
|-
|| [[w:Acido antimonico|Antimonico]] || HSb(OH)<sub>6</sub> ||style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Acido antimonico.png|120px]] || 2,81·10<sup>-3</sup> || || || 2,55
|-
| [[w:Acido arsenico|Arsenico]] || H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>4</sub> ||style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Arsenic-acid-3D-balls.png|100px]] || 5,8·10<sup>-3</sup> || 1.1·10<sup>-7</sup> || || 2,223 || 6,760
|-
| [[w:Acido arsenioso|Aresnioso]] || H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>3</sub> ||style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Arsenous-acid-3D-balls.png|100px]] || 5,1·10<sup>-10</sup> || || || 9,28
|-
| [[w:Acido aurico|Aurico]] || H<sub>3</sub>AuO<sub>3</sub> ||style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Gold(III) hydroxide.png|100px]] || <2·10<sup>-12</sup> || 4,37·10<sup>-14</sup> || || <11,7 || 13,36
|-
| [[w:Acido azotidrico|Azotidrico]] || HN<sub>3</sub> ||style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Hydrogen-azide-3D-vdW.png|80px]] || 2,4·10<sup>-5</sup> || || || 4,62
|-
| [[w:Acido borico|Borico]] || H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Boric-acid-3D-balls.png|120px]] || 5,808·10<sup>-10</sup> || || || 9,236
|-
| [[w:Acido carbonico|Carbonico]] || H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Carbonic-acid-3D-balls.png|100px]] || 4,73·10<sup>-7</sup> || 4,688·10<sup>-11</sup> || || 6,325 || 10,329
|-
| [[w:Acido cianidrico|Cianidrico]] || HCN || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Hydrogen-cyanide-3D-balls.png|80px]] || A 6,2·10<sup>-10</sup> || || || 9,21
|-
| [[w:Acido cloroso|Cloroso]] || HClO<sub>2</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Chlorous-acid-3D-balls.png|100px]] || 1,15·10<sup>-2</sup> || || || 1,94
|-
|[[w:Acido cromico|Cromico]] || H<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Acido cromico 3D.png|100px]] || 1,82·10<sup>-1</sup> || 3,25·10<sup>-7</sup> || || 0,74 || 6,488
|-
| [[w:en:Dithionous acid|Ditionoso]] || H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Dithionous-acid-3D-balls.png|120px]] || 4,47·10<sup>-1</sup> || 3,54·10<sup>-3</sup> || || 0,35 || 2,45
|-
| [[w:Acido fluoridrico|Fluoridrico]] || HF || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Hydrogen-fluoride-3D-vdW.png|80px]] || 6,7·10<sup>-4</sup> || || || 3,2
|-
| [[w:Acido fosforico|Fosforico]] || H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:3-phosphoric-acid-3D-balls.png|100px]] || 7,11·10<sup>-3</sup> || 6,3·10<sup>-8</sup> || 4,5·10<sup>-13</sup> || 2,148 || 7,198 || 12,32 ||
|-
| [[w:Acido fosforoso|Fosforoso]] || H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Phosphonic-acid-3D-balls-A.png|80px]] || 3,71·10<sup>-2</sup> || 2,08·10<sup>-7</sup> || || 1,43 || 6,68
|-
| [[w:Acido formico|Formico]] || HCHO<sub>2</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Formic-acid-CRC-MW-3D-balls.png|80px]] || 1,77·10<sup>-4</sup> || || || 3,751
|-
| [[w:en:Germanic acid|Germanico]] || H<sub>2</sub>GeO<sub>3</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Acido germanico.png|120px]] || 9,77·10<sup>-10</sup> || || || 9,01
|-
| [[w:en:Manganate|Idrogenomanganato]]<ref>L'acido manganico è troppo instabile per essere studiato, ma la sua seconda costante di dissociazione acida è stata misurata tramite [[w:Radiolisi|radiolisi]]</ref> || HMnO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Idrogenomanganato.png|100px]] || 7,08·10<sup>-11</sup> || || || 10,15
|-
| [[w:en:Sulfate|Idrogenosolfato]]<ref>Il primo protone dell'acido solforico è molto forte, mentre il secondo non è sempre dissociato in soluzione. Per conoscere la Ka<sub>1</sub> dell'acido solforico si veda la tabella degli acidi forti.</ref> || HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Bisulfate-ion-3D-balls.png|80px]] || 1,02·10<sup>-2</sup> || || || 1,99
|-
| [[w:Acido iodico|Iodico]] || HIO<sub>3</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Iodic-acid-3D-balls.png|80px]] || 1,57·10<sup>-1</sup> || || || 0,804
|-
| [[w:Acido ipobromoso|Ipobromoso]] || HBrO || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Hypobromous-acid-3D-vdW.png|80px]] || 2,0·10<sup>-9</sup> || || || 8,55 || || ||
|-
| [[w:Acido ipocloroso|Ipocloroso]] || HClO || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Hypochlorous-acid-3D-vdW.png|80px]] || 2,9·10<sup>-8</sup> || || || 7,537 || || || || 25
|-
| [[w:Acido ipofluoroso|Ipofluoroso]] || HOF || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Hypofluorous-acid-3D-vdW.png|80px]] || n.d. || || || n.d
|-
| [[w:Acido ipofosforoso|Ipofosforoso]] || HPH<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Hypophosphorous-acid-3D-balls.png|120px]] || 5,89·10<sup>-2</sup> || || || 1,23 ||
|-
| [[w:Acido ipoiodoso|Ipoiodoso]] || HIO || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Hypoiodous-acid-3D-vdW.png|80px]] || 3,2·10<sup>-11</sup> || || || 10,5
|-
| [[w:Acido iponitroso|Iponitroso]] || H<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Hyponitrous acid trans.svg|200px]] || 6,1·10<sup>-8</sup> || 3,55·10<sup>-12</sup> || || 7,21 || 11,45
|-
| [[w:Acido isocianico|Isocianico]] || HNCO || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Isocyanic acid 3D balls.png|120px]] || 3,47·10<sup>-4</sup> || || || 3,46
|-
|| [[w:en:Vanadate|Metavanadico]]<ref>L'acido metavanadico polimerizza in lunghe catene. Non esiste in forma di monomero. Lo stesso vale per i suoi sali (si veda [[w:en:Sodium metavanadate|Sodium metavanadate]] su en.Wikipedia.</ref> || (HVO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>n</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Acido metavanadico.png|100px]] || 1,6·10<sup>-4</sup> || || || 3,8
|-
| [[w:Acido nitroso|Nitroso]] || HNO<sub>2</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Cis-nitrous-acid-3D-balls.png|80px]] || 7,24·10<sup>-4</sup> || || || 3,14
|-
| [[w:Acido periodico|Periodico]]<ref>L'acido periodico esiste in forma orto- e meta-. La prima, che non è riportata, ha formula H<sub>5</sub>IO<sub>6</sub>. [[File:Orthoperiodic-acid-3D-balls.png|200px]] Questa può essere deprotonata due volte (si veda [[w:en:Periodate|Periodate]] e [[w:en:Sodium periodate|Sodium Periodate]]), per questo talvolta sono riportate due Ka per l'acido periodico.</ref> || HIO<sub>4</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Periodic-acid-3D-balls.png|100px]] || 2,29·10<sup>-2</sup> || || || 1,64
|-
| [[w:Perossido di idrogeno|Perossido di idrogeno]] || H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Hydrogen-peroxide-3D-balls.png|110px]] || 5,62·10<sup>-12</sup> || || || 11,64
|-
| [[w:Acido perossifosforico|Perossifosforico]] || H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>5</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Peroxophosphorsäure - Peroxophosphoric acid.svg|120px]] || 7,9·10<sup>-2</sup> || 3,2·10<sup>-6</sup> || 1,6·10<sup>-13</sup> || 1,1 || 5,5 || 12,8
|-
|| [[w:en:Pertechnetic acid|Pertecnetico]] || HTcO<sub>4</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Pertechnetic acid 3D ball.png|80px]] || 0,5 || || || 0,3
|-
|| [[w:en:Thiocarbonate#Perthiocarbonates|Pertiocarbonico]] || H<sub>2</sub>CS<sub>4</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Acido pertiocarbonico.png|120px]] || 1,78·10<sup>-12</sup> || || || 11,75
|-
| [[w:Acido selenidrico|Selenidrico]] || H<sub>2</sub>Se || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Hydrogen-selenide-3D-vdW.png|60px]] || 1,29·10<sup>-4</sup> || 1,0·10<sup>-11</sup> || || 3,89 || 11,0
|-
| [[w:Acido selenioso|Selenioso]] || H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Selenous-acid-from-xtal-1971-3D-balls.png|100px]] || 2,4·10<sup>-3</sup> || 4,0·10<sup>-9</sup> || || 2,62 || 8,32
|-
| [[w:Acido silicico|Silicico]] || H<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Orthosilicic-acid-3D-balls.png|100px]] || 2,5·10<sup>-10</sup> || 1,6·10<sup>-12</sup> || || 9,6 || 11,8
|-
| [[w:Acido solfidrico|Solfidrico]] || H<sub>2</sub>S || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Hydrogen-sulfide-3D-vdW.png|60px]] || 1,07·10<sup>-7</sup> || 1,26·10<sup>-13</sup> || || 6,97 || 12,90
|-
| [[w:Acido solforoso|Solforoso]] || H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Sulfurous-acid-3D-balls.png|100px]] || 1,2·10<sup>-2</sup> || 6,2·10<sup>-8</sup> || || 1,89 || 7,205
|-
| [[w:Acido ammidosolfonico|Solfammico]]<ref>L'acido esiste in forma [[w:Zwitterione|zwitterionica]]: [[File:Sulfamic-acid-zwitterion-3D-balls.png|200px]]</ref> || HSO<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>2</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Sulfamic-acid-3D-balls.png|100px]] || 0,1 || || || 0,99
|-
| [[w:Acido tellurico|Tellurico]] || H<sub>6</sub>TeO<sub>6</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Telluric-acid-3D-balls.png|100px]] || 2,5·10<sup>-8</sup> || 10<sup>-11</sup> || || 7,6 || 11
|-
| [[w:Acido telluridrico|Telluridrico]] || H<sub>2</sub>Te || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Hydrogen-telluride-3D-vdW.png|60px]] || 2,29·10<sup>-3</sup> || 10<sup>-11</sup>/10<sup>-12</sup> || || 2,64 || 11/12
|-
| [[w:Acido telluroso|Telluroso]] || H<sub>2</sub>TeO<sub>3</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Tellurous-acid-2D.png|100px]] || 5,37·10<sup>-7</sup> || 3,0·10<sup>-9</sup> || || 6,27 || 8,43
|-
| [[w:Acido tetraborico|Tetraborico]] || H<sub>2</sub>B<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| || ~10<sup>-4</sup> || ~10<sup>-9</sup> || || 4 || 9
|-
| [[w:Acido tiocianico|Tiocianico]] || HSCN || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Thiocyanic-acid-3D-vdW.png|100px]] || 1,6·10<sup>-2</sup> || || || 1,8
|-
| [[w:Thiophosphate#Monothiophosphates|Tiofosforico]] || H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>S || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Thiophosphoric-acid-3D-balls.png|120px]] || 1,629·10<sup>-2</sup> || 3,741·10<sup>-6</sup> || 8,32·10<sup>-11</sup> || 1,788 || 5,427 || 10,08
|-
| [[w:Acido tiosolforico|Tiosolforico]] || H<sub>2</sub>S
|-
| [[w:Trifluorometano|Trifluorometano]] || CHF<sub>3</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Fluoroform-3D-vdW.png|80px]] || 10<sup>-25</sup>/10<sup>-28</sup> || || || 25/28
|-
| [[w:Acido metafosforico|Trimetafosforico]]<ref>L'acido metafosforico esiste solo in catene polimetriche cicliche, composte da unità [HO-P(=O)-O-]<sub>n</sub>. Si vedano come esempi [[w:en:Phosphoric acids and phosphates|Phosphoric acids and phosphates]] e [[w:en:Sodium hexametaphosphate|Sodium hexametaphosphate]] su en.Wikipedia.</ref> || H<sub>3</sub>P<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Trimetaphosphoric-acid-3D-vdW.png|100px]] || ~0,1 || 2,0·10<sup>-2</sup> || 10<sup>-2</sup> || ~1 || 1,7 || 2,0
|-
| [[w:Acido triselenocarbonico|Triselenocarbonico]] || H<sub>2</sub>CSe<sub>3</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Triselenocarbonic acid.jpg|120px]] || 6,91·10<sup>-2</sup> || 1,9·10<sup>-8</sup> || || 1,16 || 7,70
|-
| [[w:en:Thiocarbonate#Trithiocarbonates|Tritiocarbonico]] || H<sub>2</sub>CS<sub>3</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Trithiocarbonic acid.svg|100px]] || 2,09·10<sup>-3</sup> || || 6,0·10<sup>-9</sup> || 2,68 || 8,18
|-
| [[w:en:Tungstic acid|Tungstico]] || H<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Acido tungstico.png|100px]] || 6,3·10<sup>-3</sup> || 2,0·10<sup>-4</sup> || || 2,2 || 3,7
|-
| [[w:en:Vanadate|Vanadico]] || H<sub>3</sub>VO<sub>5</sub> || style="text-align: center;"| [[File:Ortho-vanadic acid.svg|120px]] || 1,66·10<sup>-4</sup> || 1,6·10<sup>-8</sup> || 1,41·10<sup>-12</sup> || 3,78 || 7,78 || 11,85
|-
| colspan="
|}
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